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Maintaining Timber Windows

A well-maintained window made of timber is a crucial element of the historic structure of a building. It is a representation of the materials and technologies design, craftsmanship and aesthetics of the time period from which it originates.

Whenever possible repairs to existing windows are required, they should be done in situ. Repairing the most severe areas of decay can be accomplished by using specialized resin-based systems.

Durability

Timber windows were designed to last for centuries. They do require maintenance to keep them looking good. Maintenance tasks include sash cord repairs as well as tightening the sash pulleys and painting. The need to upgrade windows made of timber to improve efficiency in energy use is also growing. This may include replacing old glazing units, repairing existing window rebates or installing new cills for improved air seal.

A key problem with traditional windows is the damage caused by corrosion of the paintwork. This is particularly important when sash windows are concerned, as the gaps between sashes can be quite large. In these instances water can get into paint film and cause rotting to the wood or putty beneath. The rotting may be further aggravated by poor weather conditions. To prevent this from happening, windows must be painted regularly with an exterior wood paint.

Areas that have been damaged must be repaired with a resin-based product. This will ensure the maximum amount of original fabric is retained. It is important to minimize the number of holes created in the frame to allow cable access, since they can let in moisture and cause decay.

The structural movement of the wall can cause deformations in the frame and sash. This can result in the sash not fitting properly or sticking or jamming into the opening and broken glazing. This can be fixed frequently by putting in new frames for sash made of slow-grown deal (pine), or oak. The cill should be constructed from durable hardwood such as oak to prevent movement between the old and new work.

To alleviate this issue to reduce the risk of this happening, there are a variety of companies that make Boston pattern sash made of wood that will fit most existing openings. They are available in a variety of sizes and finishes that will meet the requirements of modern-day homeowners. The new sash, combined with quadruple draft strip and a better thermal insulation, can make a significant difference to the efficiency of your home's energy usage.

Aesthetics

Many old timber frames have a high aesthetic appeal, since they show, in some form, the quality of the wood, technology, and architectural aesthetics of the time they were made. They could have significant historical significance in their own right. This is especially true for early windows that were not glazed in timber-framed structures, which were just a collection of openings in the frame that were subdivided horizontally into mullions and vertical iron or wood bars to deter intrusions.

It is important to maintain the appearance of traditional timber window joinery. It is crucial that any decay resulting from the penetration of moisture should be stopped as soon as it is identified. This is best done by painting thoroughly, especially in areas in which there is already damage or deterioration. It is best to choose paints that are intended to be used in a set (primer undercoat and finish), and to adhere to the manufacturer's recommendations for preparation and number coats at each stage.

Wet rot is a frequent problem in old timber windows and the best method to stop it from growing is to eliminate any damaged or rotten sections as soon as possible to stop the spread of the fungus responsible for it. Replace the wood that is rotting with slow-growing deal (pine), and should it be possible, the same type of wood that is being removed, to avoid any differential movement.

In the late period of the 17th century and the middle of the medieval period, glass became cheaper and more abundant, and the openings for glazed glass in timber-framed structures gradually became more elegant with wooden windows cambridge tracery, moulded mullions and deep projecting cills. In recent times, glass was fixed to frames that were rebated using glazing sprigs instead of lead cames. This method of glazing not only makes the windows less likely to leak and break, but also allows larger sheets of glass to be used than would have been possible without the use of led lights.

Energy efficiency

Traditional timber windows are energy efficient because of their thickness and multilayer construction, as well as their focus on detail. The large glass areas, the deep projecting cills, and the large glazing areas minimize air infiltration. The windows can be modified to increase their energy efficiency through draughtproofing and secondary glazing. However, it is important to keep in mind that any such measures should be viewed in the context of the overall appearance and integrity of the original window.

Therefore, keeping the existing windows from the past that are in need of repair instead of replacing them makes sense, particularly when their thermal enhancements can be made inexpensively with simple repairs and upgrades. Older windows are usually of historical value, as they reflect a variety of technological advancement and changes in the architectural style. The pressures to replace such windows are generally based on the assumption that old windows will need replacement in the near future, however most are still in a position to last for 150, 200 or even 250 years if properly maintained.

It is crucial to recognize that the decay issues associated with traditional timber windows can be prevented through regular maintenance and swift Upvc Doors repairs. It is also important to identify damp problems and fix them quickly in order to avoid major damage. Paint deterioration that occurs early is a concern because it allows moisture to get into the wood, leading to wet rot. This type of damage is typically not apparent until the paintwork is damaged or wavy however, it can cause serious structural damage and can lead to further decay.

A quality paint will block moisture penetration. To prevent mould and condensation it is essential to keep the paintwork as clean as possible. The use of modern synthetic paints can be problematic since they are typically made to be water-resistant and this can cause the growth of mildew in the window mechnism repair frame.

The majority of windows from the past were constructed of sapwood-rich timber. These timbers are susceptible to deterioration quickly when exposed to moist weather conditions, but they can be preserved with a thorough preservative treatment before they are used. It is also important to ensure that the kind of timber used is well-suited to the climate and site conditions, as these elements can affect the longevity of the joinery. Local window manufacturers provide a wide range of sash timbers that can be customized to fit historic openings. They can be constructed according to the standard Boston pattern dimensions or to specific sizes that are in keeping with the historic architecture.

Maintenance

Regular inspections, careful redecoration, and quick repairs can prolong the lifespan of windows made of timber. The main cause of decay is the infiltration of moisture through deteriorated putty and paint. This can be prevented by using a high-quality wood preservative and painting the wood thoroughly.

Repairs to old sash windows as well as casement window frames should be done with care and with minimal disruption. It is possible to fix several traditional designs of timber windows without having to remove the frame. This should be done as often as is feasible. Paint that is peeling or loose must be removed with care and sanded lightly to improve the 'key' of the surface, allowing for an improved adhesion of the new coating. It is essential to not remove old paint layers, as they may have historical value.

If a portion of wood is decayed the best way to deal with it is to remove it and replace it with timber inserts shaped to match the existing profiles. The inserted wood should also be treated with wood preservative and the joint between the timber cill and sub-cill of the masonry should be sealed.

Replacement of traditional windows with PVC-u may be a tempting option, especially when the installer offers an "all-in-one" installation that handles removal and replacement within one day. However, it is crucial that the person who installs replacement windows has a full knowledge of the construction and history of traditional timber frames. This will enable them to make the appropriate suggestions for improvements to energy efficiency and other technological upgrades that do not alter the historic character of a building. Window replacements should be registered with a Competent Persons Scheme like FENSA. This will ensure that the replacement windows are approved as a suitable option under Building Regulations. It is, of course, possible for an experienced and skilled carpenter to install PVC-u windows that are sympathetic to the the building originally. This is especially true where the windows are located in listed buildings and conservation areas.