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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean
In addition to learner-internal factors, CLKs' awareness of their own resistance to change and the social ties they had access to were significant. For instance the RIs of TS and ZL both cited their local professor 무료 프라그마틱 (Tupalo.com) relationships as a significant reason for them to choose to avoid expressing criticism of the strictness of a professor (see the second example).
This article reviews all local pragmatic research on Korean up to 2020. It focuses on practical important topics such as:
Discourse Construction Tests (DCTs)
The test for discourse completion is a commonly used tool in pragmatic research. It has many advantages, but it also has some disadvantages. The DCT is one example. It cannot account cultural and individual variations. Additionally it is also the case that the DCT is prone to bias and may cause overgeneralizations. This is why it must be carefully analyzed before it is used for research or assessment purposes.
Despite its limitations, the DCT is a useful tool for investigating the relationship between prosody and information structure in non-native speakers. The ability to alter social variables relevant to politeness in two or more steps could be a plus. This ability can aid researchers to study the role played by prosody in communicating across cultural contexts, a major challenge in cross-cultural pragmatics.
In the field linguistics, DCT is among the most effective tools to analyze the communication habits of learners. It can be used to investigate various issues such as the manner of speaking, turn taking and lexical choices. It can also be used to assess the phonological complexity of learners their speech.
A recent study employed a DCT to test EFL students' ability to resist. Participants were given various scenarios and asked to choose the appropriate response from the options provided. The authors concluded that the DCT was more effective than other measures to stop people from refusing such as a questionnaire or video recordings. However, they cautioned that the DCT should be employed with caution and include other methods for collecting data.
DCTs can be developed using specific language requirements, like form and content. These criteria are based on intuition and based upon the assumptions of test creators. They aren't always accurate and may misrepresent how ELF learners respond to requests in real-world interactions. This issue calls for further research on different methods to assess refusal competence.
A recent study has compared DCT responses to requests made by students via email with the responses gathered from an oral DCT. The results showed that DCTs favored more direct and conventionally-indirect request forms and used more hints than email data.
Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)
This study looked at Chinese learners' pragmatic choices when using Korean. It used a variety of experimental tools including Discourse Completion Tasks, metapragmatic questions, and Refusal Interviews. Participants were 46 CLKs with upper-intermediate proficiency who gave responses to DCTs and MQs. They were also asked to provide reflections on their assessments and their refusals to participate in RIs. The results showed that CLKs frequently chose to reject native Korean norms of pragmatism. Their choices were influenced by four factors that included their personalities and multilingual identities, their current life experiences and their relationships. These findings have pedagogical implications for L2 Korean assessment and 프라그마틱 무료스핀 (related internet page) teaching.
First, the MQ data were analysed to determine the participants' pragmatic choices. The data was categorized according Ishihara (2010)'s definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, the selections were matched with their linguistic performance in DCTs to determine whether they showed a pattern of resistance to pragmatics or not. Interviewees were also required to explain the reasons for choosing an atypical behavior in certain situations.
The results of the MQs, DCTs and z-tests were examined using descriptive statistics and Z tests. The CLKs were found use euphemistic words like "sorry" or "thank you". This was probably due to their lack experience with the target languages, leading to a lack of understanding of the korean pragmatic norms. The results showed that CLKs' preferences to differ from L1 and L2 norms or to move toward L1 differed based on the DCT circumstances. In Situations 3 and 12, CLKs preferred diverging from both L1pragmatic norms - and L2-pragmatic norms while in Situation 14, CLKs preferred convergence to L1 norms.
The RIs revealed that CLKs knew about their logical resistance to every DCT situation. The RIs were conducted one-to-one basis within two days of participants having completed the MQs. The RIs were transcribed and recorded by two independent coders and then coded. The coding process was an iterative process, where the coders listened and discussed each transcript. The results of the coding process are contrasted with the original RI transcripts to determine if they captured the underlying pragmatic behavior.
Interviews with Refusal
The most important question in pragmatic research is: Why do some learners decide to not accept native-speaker norms? Recent research sought to answer this question using various experimental tools, including DCTs MQs and RIs. Participants comprised 46 CLKs and 44 CNSs from five Korean Universities. The participants were asked to complete the DCTs and MQs in their L1 or their L2. They were then invited to an RI where they were asked to think about and discuss their responses to each DCT situation.
The results showed that on average, the CLKs rejected native-speaker pragmatic norms in over 40% of their responses. They did this despite the fact that they were able to create patterns that resembled natives. Furthermore, they were clearly conscious of their own pragmatism. They attributed their choices to learner-internal aspects such as their personalities and multilingual identities as well as ongoing lives. They also referred to external factors, 프라그마틱 무료체험 메타 such as relational benefits. They described, for example, how their relations with their professors enabled them to perform more comfortably in terms of the cultural and linguistic expectations of their university.
However, the interviewees also expressed concern about the social pressures and punishments that they might be subject to if they violated their social norms. They were concerned that their local friends might perceive them as "foreigners" and believe they are not intelligent. This concern was similar to the concerns expressed by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).
These findings suggest that native speakers pragmatic norms aren't the default preference for Korean learners. They may remain useful as a model for official Korean proficiency tests. Future researchers should reconsider the validity of these tests in different contexts and in particular situations. This will help them better understand how different cultural environments could affect the practical behavior of students in the classroom and beyond. Moreover it will assist educators to create more effective methods for teaching and testing the korea-based pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi, principal advisor at Stratways Group in Seoul, is a geopolitical risk consulting.
Case Studies
The case study method is an investigational strategy that uses participant-centered, in-depth investigations to explore a specific subject. This method uses numerous sources of information, such as interviews, observations, and documents, to confirm its findings. This type of investigation can be used to analyze complicated or unique topics that are difficult for other methods of measuring.
The first step in the case study is to define the subject matter and the purpose of the study. This will help determine what aspects of the subject matter are essential to study and which could be left out. It is also beneficial to read the literature on to the subject to gain a greater understanding of the topic and place the case study within a larger theoretical context.
This case study was built on an open-source platform called the KMMLU Leaderboard [50], along with its benchmarks for Koreans, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the study revealed that the L2 Korean students were particularly vulnerable to native models. They were more likely to select incorrect answer options that were literal interpretations of prompts, which were not based on accurate pragmatic inference. They also showed a distinct tendency to include their own text or "garbage" to their responses. This further reduced the quality of their responses.
The participants in this study were L2 Korean students who had reached level four on the Test of Proficiency in Korean TOPIK in their second or third year of university and were hoping to reach level six by their next attempt. They were asked questions about their WTC/SPCC, pragmatic awareness and understanding knowledge of the world.
Interviewees were presented with two hypothetical situations which involved interactions with their interlocutors and asked to select one of the strategies below to use when making an offer. Interviewees were then asked to justify their choice. Most of the participants attributed their pragmatism to their personalities. For 프라그마틱 슬롯무료 (digitaltibetan.win) instance, TS claimed that she was difficult to talk to, and therefore was reluctant to inquire about the health of her interlocutors despite having the burden of a job despite the fact that she believed that native Koreans would ask.
In addition to learner-internal factors, CLKs' awareness of their own resistance to change and the social ties they had access to were significant. For instance the RIs of TS and ZL both cited their local professor 무료 프라그마틱 (Tupalo.com) relationships as a significant reason for them to choose to avoid expressing criticism of the strictness of a professor (see the second example).
This article reviews all local pragmatic research on Korean up to 2020. It focuses on practical important topics such as:
Discourse Construction Tests (DCTs)
The test for discourse completion is a commonly used tool in pragmatic research. It has many advantages, but it also has some disadvantages. The DCT is one example. It cannot account cultural and individual variations. Additionally it is also the case that the DCT is prone to bias and may cause overgeneralizations. This is why it must be carefully analyzed before it is used for research or assessment purposes.
Despite its limitations, the DCT is a useful tool for investigating the relationship between prosody and information structure in non-native speakers. The ability to alter social variables relevant to politeness in two or more steps could be a plus. This ability can aid researchers to study the role played by prosody in communicating across cultural contexts, a major challenge in cross-cultural pragmatics.
In the field linguistics, DCT is among the most effective tools to analyze the communication habits of learners. It can be used to investigate various issues such as the manner of speaking, turn taking and lexical choices. It can also be used to assess the phonological complexity of learners their speech.
A recent study employed a DCT to test EFL students' ability to resist. Participants were given various scenarios and asked to choose the appropriate response from the options provided. The authors concluded that the DCT was more effective than other measures to stop people from refusing such as a questionnaire or video recordings. However, they cautioned that the DCT should be employed with caution and include other methods for collecting data.
DCTs can be developed using specific language requirements, like form and content. These criteria are based on intuition and based upon the assumptions of test creators. They aren't always accurate and may misrepresent how ELF learners respond to requests in real-world interactions. This issue calls for further research on different methods to assess refusal competence.
A recent study has compared DCT responses to requests made by students via email with the responses gathered from an oral DCT. The results showed that DCTs favored more direct and conventionally-indirect request forms and used more hints than email data.
Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)
This study looked at Chinese learners' pragmatic choices when using Korean. It used a variety of experimental tools including Discourse Completion Tasks, metapragmatic questions, and Refusal Interviews. Participants were 46 CLKs with upper-intermediate proficiency who gave responses to DCTs and MQs. They were also asked to provide reflections on their assessments and their refusals to participate in RIs. The results showed that CLKs frequently chose to reject native Korean norms of pragmatism. Their choices were influenced by four factors that included their personalities and multilingual identities, their current life experiences and their relationships. These findings have pedagogical implications for L2 Korean assessment and 프라그마틱 무료스핀 (related internet page) teaching.
First, the MQ data were analysed to determine the participants' pragmatic choices. The data was categorized according Ishihara (2010)'s definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, the selections were matched with their linguistic performance in DCTs to determine whether they showed a pattern of resistance to pragmatics or not. Interviewees were also required to explain the reasons for choosing an atypical behavior in certain situations.
The results of the MQs, DCTs and z-tests were examined using descriptive statistics and Z tests. The CLKs were found use euphemistic words like "sorry" or "thank you". This was probably due to their lack experience with the target languages, leading to a lack of understanding of the korean pragmatic norms. The results showed that CLKs' preferences to differ from L1 and L2 norms or to move toward L1 differed based on the DCT circumstances. In Situations 3 and 12, CLKs preferred diverging from both L1pragmatic norms - and L2-pragmatic norms while in Situation 14, CLKs preferred convergence to L1 norms.
The RIs revealed that CLKs knew about their logical resistance to every DCT situation. The RIs were conducted one-to-one basis within two days of participants having completed the MQs. The RIs were transcribed and recorded by two independent coders and then coded. The coding process was an iterative process, where the coders listened and discussed each transcript. The results of the coding process are contrasted with the original RI transcripts to determine if they captured the underlying pragmatic behavior.
Interviews with Refusal
The most important question in pragmatic research is: Why do some learners decide to not accept native-speaker norms? Recent research sought to answer this question using various experimental tools, including DCTs MQs and RIs. Participants comprised 46 CLKs and 44 CNSs from five Korean Universities. The participants were asked to complete the DCTs and MQs in their L1 or their L2. They were then invited to an RI where they were asked to think about and discuss their responses to each DCT situation.
The results showed that on average, the CLKs rejected native-speaker pragmatic norms in over 40% of their responses. They did this despite the fact that they were able to create patterns that resembled natives. Furthermore, they were clearly conscious of their own pragmatism. They attributed their choices to learner-internal aspects such as their personalities and multilingual identities as well as ongoing lives. They also referred to external factors, 프라그마틱 무료체험 메타 such as relational benefits. They described, for example, how their relations with their professors enabled them to perform more comfortably in terms of the cultural and linguistic expectations of their university.
However, the interviewees also expressed concern about the social pressures and punishments that they might be subject to if they violated their social norms. They were concerned that their local friends might perceive them as "foreigners" and believe they are not intelligent. This concern was similar to the concerns expressed by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).
These findings suggest that native speakers pragmatic norms aren't the default preference for Korean learners. They may remain useful as a model for official Korean proficiency tests. Future researchers should reconsider the validity of these tests in different contexts and in particular situations. This will help them better understand how different cultural environments could affect the practical behavior of students in the classroom and beyond. Moreover it will assist educators to create more effective methods for teaching and testing the korea-based pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi, principal advisor at Stratways Group in Seoul, is a geopolitical risk consulting.
Case Studies
The case study method is an investigational strategy that uses participant-centered, in-depth investigations to explore a specific subject. This method uses numerous sources of information, such as interviews, observations, and documents, to confirm its findings. This type of investigation can be used to analyze complicated or unique topics that are difficult for other methods of measuring.
The first step in the case study is to define the subject matter and the purpose of the study. This will help determine what aspects of the subject matter are essential to study and which could be left out. It is also beneficial to read the literature on to the subject to gain a greater understanding of the topic and place the case study within a larger theoretical context.
This case study was built on an open-source platform called the KMMLU Leaderboard [50], along with its benchmarks for Koreans, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the study revealed that the L2 Korean students were particularly vulnerable to native models. They were more likely to select incorrect answer options that were literal interpretations of prompts, which were not based on accurate pragmatic inference. They also showed a distinct tendency to include their own text or "garbage" to their responses. This further reduced the quality of their responses.
The participants in this study were L2 Korean students who had reached level four on the Test of Proficiency in Korean TOPIK in their second or third year of university and were hoping to reach level six by their next attempt. They were asked questions about their WTC/SPCC, pragmatic awareness and understanding knowledge of the world.
Interviewees were presented with two hypothetical situations which involved interactions with their interlocutors and asked to select one of the strategies below to use when making an offer. Interviewees were then asked to justify their choice. Most of the participants attributed their pragmatism to their personalities. For 프라그마틱 슬롯무료 (digitaltibetan.win) instance, TS claimed that she was difficult to talk to, and therefore was reluctant to inquire about the health of her interlocutors despite having the burden of a job despite the fact that she believed that native Koreans would ask.
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