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Mesothelioma and Asbestos

Asbestos, a natural mineral, occurs naturally in the form of long, thin fibers. People who are exposed to asbestos may develop lung diseases, such as mesothelioma.

It can take years for symptoms to show up after asbestos exposure. Different types of asbestos can cause different symptoms.

Pleural Mesothelioma

Pleural mesothelioma occurs in the lung's outer lining also known as pleura. It is the most common mesothelioma form and accounts for 70% to 79% of all diagnosed cases. The condition can cause chest discomfort, shortness of breath, and a feeling of heaviness.

Exposure to asbestos, a group of minerals composed of microscopic fibers, typically causes this type of cancer. These fibers, when inhaled can cause irritation and DNA mutations. Pleura is the lining of both the chest cavity as well as the lungs, and so irritations can also affect the heart. Mesothelioma symptoms usually don't appear until 30 to 50 years after exposure.

Shortness of breath and chest pain are the most common symptoms. Patients may also experience difficulty breathing or chest tightness. People with this cancer have a history of disease that includes asbestos exposure at work. Manufacturing, construction and shipbuilding are the most prevalent occupations that put people at a high chance of developing pleural mesothelioma. People who have served in the military may be at a higher risk due to the widespread use of asbestos in Navy vessels and bunkers for the army.

The TNM (tumors lymph nodes and metastases staging system) is the most common staging system for pleural adenocarcinoma. The stage the patient is in at the time of diagnosis will help determine the treatment plan they should follow. For example, patients with mesothelioma that is pleural in stage three or four have a poorer prognosis than those with lower stages. Stage four mesothelioma may develop into the liver, heart, or diaphragm. This could make the cancer more difficult to treat and increase the risk of complications for patients.

Peritoneal Mesothelioma

Contrary to pleural cancer which forms in the lung's lining the peritoneal cancer is a result of a membrane that covers the abdominal cavity, which includes organs like the liver and intestines. Similar to pleural mesothelioma mesothelioma is triggered by asbestos exposure. The disease is much less prevalent than pleural mesothelioma, with only about 300-500 cases diagnosed each year.

As with pleural asbestosis, symptoms can take years to show. Patients generally suffer from abdominal pain and could also experience a mass in their abdomen. The symptoms of this type of mesothelioma could also include nausea, weight loss and fever. Many of these symptoms can be misinterpreted as gastrointestinal issues which can lead to a misdiagnosis.

Doctors can identify mesothelioma by examining the patient's medical history and conducting a physical exam. They may also employ imaging tests like X-rays, CT scans and PET/CT scans to help find mesothelioma. These tests can identify tumors and other signs of cancer that aren't evident on X-rays.

The results of these tests allow doctors to diagnose mesothelioma, determine the stage and recommend treatment options. The stage is determined by the type of cell as well as whether the cancer has spread.

The most significant risk factor for mesothelioma is exposure to asbestos. People who have worked in asbestos claim-related occupations, like electrical or plumbing work, or in construction and manufacturing, are more likely to contract the disease. Even if an individual isn't employed in one of these fields they could still be exposed through family members and other sources. Therefore, anyone who believes they could be at risk should speak to an expert. A mesothelioma specialist can assist those who have had a history with asbestos to learn more about their risk.

Risk Factors

Asbestos exposure is a major mesothelioma risk factor, which accounts for as much as 80 percent of all cases. Exposure to asbestos can occur through work, military service, or through living with a person who is exposed to asbestos or was previously exposed to doing the same. Asbestos particles can be inhaled by people who are exposed to asbestos. These irritate the linings and cause cancerous cells to grow in the mesothelium. Following exposure to asbestos mesothelioma is likely to develop between 15 and 60 year.

Other risk factors include genetics, smoking and aging. People in their 40s and 50s are at a higher chance of developing mesothelioma to those who are younger or older. It is because mesothelioma generally lasts between 20 and 60 years after the initial time of exposure before cancer symptoms appear. It is important to remember that mesothelioma can develop in those who were exposed to asbestos case but did not work with it directly. This is referred to as indirect or secondary asbestos exposure, and is as hazardous as direct asbestos legal (it-Viking.Ch) exposure.

Smoking increases the risk of mesothelioma, as it damages the mesothelium. It also makes it more prone to. Additionally, mesothelioma can be worsened by certain diseases like pneumonia and asbestosis. It is also important to remember that mesothelioma is more common in men than women. This is due to men being more likely to work with asbestos and have more exposure than women. Men are also more likely to have lived with someone who has worked with asbestos and to carry asbestos fibers on their clothing. Women are less likely to come exposed to asbestos and don't typically bring asbestos home on their clothes.

Diagnosis

It is difficult to diagnose mesothelioma due to its symptoms being often similar to other conditions. This can lead to victims being misdiagnosed.

NYU Langone doctors will perform physical examinations and document the patient's medical background, including asbestos exposure. Doctors will also recommend an CT scan or chest X-ray to look for abnormalities, lumps and evidence of asbestos exposure. These include pleural plaques, thickened pleura and calcium deposits.

Other diagnostic tests include a magnetic resonance scan or MRI test, which uses radio waves and magnets in order to create a series of detailed images of the insides of the body. Another method doctors use to diagnose mesothelioma is to perform a surgical biopsy. When a biopsy is performed, doctors remove a tiny piece of tissue from pleura or the peritoneum to be examined further. A pathologist can examine the tissue with a microscope to see if it is contaminated with cancerous cells.

The type of mesothelial cell involved and the benign or malignant nature of the cells and the location, type and stage of the tumour, are used to classify the disease. Certain types of mesothelioma may be more likely to grow or spread which is why it is crucial to get a definite diagnosis so doctors can treat the disease before it goes out of control.

Doctors may also conduct laboratory tests on tumors to identify specific proteins, genes or other factors that can help them describe cancer characteristics and plan treatment. These results are referred to as staging.

Treatment

A diagnosis of mesothelioma can be terrifying. But, it is crucial to keep in mind that the cancer is treatable, especially in its early stages. Many people with mesothelioma can be afflicted for a long time without expanding.

Exposure to asbestos can trigger mesothelioma via various mechanisms. Asbestos fibers, too small to detect or feel with the naked eye, can be airborne and cause irritation to the lung's lining (pleura). In time, the irritation leads to the formation of scar tissues, which eventually lead to tumors.

The Pleura is a covering that surrounds the abdomen, heart, and lungs. Mesothelium consists of cells that react to exposure to asbestos which causes it to become inflamed and form scar tissue. As time passes, these changes lead to the development of malignant mesothelioma tumors.

The signs of pleural mesothelioma can include breathlessness and chest pain, or a buildup of fluid on the lungs (pleural effusion). In rare cases the cancer may be spread to the tissues around the heart and reproductive organs.

A doctor may request biopsy if scans show the possibility of a lung tumor or stomach. During the procedure, doctors will remove tiny amounts of tumor or fluid for lab testing. The results can confirm the diagnosis of mesothelioma, and also determine the best treatment plan.

There are a variety of treatment for mesothelioma, such as chemotherapy and surgery. Most doctors utilize a combination of these methods. Patients may also benefit from enrolling in a clinical trial of new mesothelioma therapies. To find out more, patients should speak with a mesothelioma specialist who has expertise in treating the condition.