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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

You've probably heard that different varieties produce distinct flavors. Find out more about four of the most sought-after varieties: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans are a kind of Liberica, are grown exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a fruitier and more tart flavor profile and are often added to coffee blends to enhance the flavor.

Arabica

Arabica is the most sought-after coffee worldwide accounting for 75% of global coffee bean production. Arabica decaf beans coffee have a sweeter and less sour flavor than Robusta and come in a variety of flavour profiles. The aroma and taste of coffee is affected by the conditions in which it is grown and the processing methods used.

The word "coffee" is derived from the Arabic word that means the berry. Coffee beans are actually seeds that grow in bright red berries. It is believed that the ancient Ethiopian shepherds noticed that their goats were energized after eating fruit berries. The cultivation of medium roast coffee beans spread quickly all over the world.

Coffee beans can be grown at higher altitudes, and are capable of flourishing in cold temperatures and plenty of rain. This is why Arabica coffee is believed to be the best tasting type of coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters focus on ethical sourcing of arabica beans, with a focus on fair wages for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies blend arabica beans in order to create unique signature coffees, which are suitable for different brewing methods. Blending gives you control over the flavour, aroma as well as body and acidity of the coffee. It is often preferred in order to create a balanced and consistent taste that appeals to a larger market.

Robusta

Robusta beans (Coffea canephora) are the second most common type of bulk coffee beans bean cultivated worldwide. They have more caffeine per bean and are more resistant against diseases and pests. They also have higher levels of chlorogenic acid, which are antioxidants that naturally occur. However, these acids could cause oxidation during the process of brewing coffee and may result in undesirable flavors.

The plant is more robust than the arabica and is able to grow in less favorable conditions. It can withstand temperatures that are higher and thrives in direct sunlight. It produces more coffee per plant and grows faster than arabica. This makes it a economical crop to cultivate.

While it might seem contradictory Robusta beans are frequently blended with arabica beans to create coffee blends. If you notice the names of countries such as Uganda or Kenya listed on a bag of coffee it's likely there's a bit of robusta too.

The majority of roasters utilize a mix of arabica and coffee beans to reduce costs while maintaining quality. In order to preserve the quality of the flavor, it's important to select a premium bean from a supplier you trust. The best way to do this is to buy your beans directly from the farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football shaped and are therefore distinct from other coffee bean varieties. They have a unique aroma that is fruity and floral with the smoky notes. They are often blended with other coffee bean varieties to provide an extra, stronger flavor.

Liberica coffee beans are available in West Africa, Malaysia (Borneo), and Southeast Asia. They are well-adapted to humid, hot climates and can thrive at low altitudes. They also have a better resistance to disease than Arabica and Robusta.

These qualities make them perfect for home-growing. It is possible to purchase the seeds on the internet from several sources, however it is preferred to purchase them from local producers to guarantee the quality coffee beans of the beans. The best conditions for growing Liberica coffee plants are fertile deep volcanic soils that have a moderately acidic pH and sufficient annual rainfall.

Another kind of coffee beans shop bean is Excelsa that was once considered to be a separate species but is now classified as an alternative to Liberica. These coffee beans are elongated ovals that grow on large 20 to 30 feet coffee plants at moderate altitudes. Their unique flavor is tart and sour, which makes them a popular option for blends that are house-made. They have a milder aroma and higher caffeine content that is less than Arabica or Robusta however they have a unique depth of flavor.

Excelsa

Although they're the fourth most coveted type of coffee beans Excelsa beans aren't as easy to find as Arabica or Robusta. They were actually thought to be an entirely different species of coffee until 2006 when they were reclassified as a synonym for Coffea Liberica var. dewevrei. They are grown in Southeast Asia today and account for 7% of the world's production of coffee. These coffee beans are distinctive with a teardrop-shaped shape and possess a dark, mysterious flavor. They are often blended to provide extra body and a luscious, tart, ripened fruit taste.

Arabica beans are the most well-known and are renowned for their sweeter taste. They thrive in tropical and warm climates as well as at higher altitudes. They also have a hint of acidity. When properly roasted and brewed they can be a bit sweet with hints of nuts, chocolate or even fruit.

Robusta is the second most adored cafe coffee beans worldwide, and makes up around 40% of all coffee consumed globally. These beans are smaller and rounder however they have twice the amount of caffeine as Arabica. They also have more bitterness than the other two varieties, and tend to have earthy and woody undertones.

After having learned about the four most popular types, it's now time to choose your favorite brew. If you're looking for a silky soft, delicate flavor, go for an arabica bean or a blend of robusta and arabica beans.