ARMORED SUBMERSIBLE Power CABLE > 자유게시판

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The cushion layer 760 could be product of one or more extruded supplies that can persist in a downhole environment of a hydrocarbon properly over an extended term than nylon or polyethylene terephthalate string, which will help to take care of lead (Pb) layer protection. Hydrocarbon wells have a tendency to include some amount of moisture and cable operating temperatures frequently exceed eighty degrees C. Under such situations, the aforementioned braid materials can degrade and can even dissipate relatively shortly after set up in a hydrocarbon nicely. This deformation can grow to be a lot worse downhole in a effectively, low voltage armored power cable significantly when the cable is heated and the insulation thermally expands. The Young's modulus is the ratio of stress (pressure per unit area) to strain (dimensionless deformation) in a fabric. The Young's modulus of lead (Pb) is roughly 16 GPa, which is comparatively low for a steel (e.g., copper (Cu) has a Young's modulus of roughly 117 GPa).

Such pressing causes deformation of the protecting lead (Pb) layers. FIG. 11 exhibits example graphics as to some amount of compression and extension of an meeting 1001 and not using a cushion layer compared to less compression and extension of an assembly 705 with a cushion layer 760. As indicated in FIG. 11, a number of dimensions and/or shapes could also be utilized to characterize an quantity of deformation of an meeting, notably an quantity of deformation of a lead (Pb) barrier layer of an assembly. Lead (Pb) could also be included in a cable as an extruded protecting layer, which may be known as a lead (Pb) barrier or lead (Pb) barrier layer. As talked about, a cushion layer could also be of a non-circular form equivalent to considerably pie shape. The S1054A material is on the market as pellets (e.g., cube, cylindrical or other form) that may be, for instance, fed to an extruder. As an example, the metallic shield 750 can have a wall thickness that is less than approximately 1 mm.

As an example, a die could present for extruding materials in a substantially tubular form a couple of lead (Pb) barrier layer. For example, an extruded cushion layer can use a comfortable yet robust polymeric material such that force utilized to a protective lead (Pb) layer shall be absorbed as the cushion deforms, which may also help to cut back indentation depth and dimension as to the protecting lead (Pb) layer. Talc can have a selected gravity of roughly 2.5 to approximately 2.8, a clear or dusty luster, and be in a spread from translucent to opaque. The XLPE/PP/Talc composites showed non-Newtonian behavior (shear thinning) over the complete range of angular frequency; while the pure PP exhibited Newtonian habits at low angular frequency and shear thinning at high angular frequency range. As an example, a technique can embody extruding polyethylene that is or that includes excessive density polyethylene (HDPE). A cable can embrace armor to impart mechanical integrity. For example, through use of XLPE, weight of a power cable may be decreased and, for example, through an XLPE layer's skill to protect a number of lead (Pb) barrier layers, use of XLPE can permit for a reduced amount of lead (Pb) in such one or more lead (Pb) barrier layers, which can additional cut back the load of a energy cable.

Such power could trigger the lead (Pb) barrier layer 1050 to compress in a single course and broaden in a substantially orthogonal route. For example, ethylene content could also be, for example, from about forty p.c to about 90 % the place, within such a range, a higher ethylene content could also be useful for extrusion. For instance, a cloth can embrace silane, ethenyltrimethoxy-, which is also known as trimethoxyvinylsilane (e.g., from about 0.1 percent to about 10 %). For instance, one or more additives can be included in a polymeric material. For example, formulating could occur (e.g., wholly or partially) at an extruder site the place, for example, supplies are blended prior to introduction to an extruder feeder bin. An extruder can drive materials by means of a die or dies. Such an method can achieve comparatively full crosslinking in a single pass. For instance, a crosslinking agent can help to facilitate crosslinking of polyethylene to form a crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE). In such an example, the clay can be or embrace talc. For instance, a number of colorants may be utilized for a cable or cables. In such an instance, the expansion may cause the cable 1000 to bulge such that the armor 1080 separates.