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How Does Machine Espresso Work?

Machine espresso makes use of precise pressure and incredible filter technology to produce the perfect cup of coffee. How does it work exactly?

Espresso is produced by pushing hot water at high pressure through finely ground coffee. The process is similar to that of making drip coffee. However the pressure is the main difference.

The Group Head

The group head is the portafilter you place in the espresso maker when making it. It is responsible for dispersing the water into the portafilter and then controlling the pressure that results from the extraction. There are a variety of types of group head, each with their unique advantages and drawbacks. Some are focused on temperature stability, others on pre-infusion options, and others are designed to control the lever. There are also some that come with a range of features, such as the E61 one, which is the standard choice for many baristas for its ability to provide multiple benefits in one package.

As you can see in the photo above the group head comes with several notches where you place your portafilter before twisting it manually to lock it in. A gasket of rubber is situated inside the notches, which helps make a seal when you insert your portafilter. The notches on the head allow for a precise placement of the portafilter, which is necessary for an even extraction.

The group head does not just allow you to insert your portafilter easily however it also keeps the same temperature. It does this by circulating hot water through the brew pan and around the portafilter, ensuring that it is always at the correct temperature to extract. This is important, as just a few degrees could be the difference between a good and great espresso.

The Pump

Unlike manual piston machines, which rely on a lever to pressurize water, rotating espresso machines rely upon motorized pumps that provide the nine atmospheric bars of pressure necessary for espresso capsule machine extraction. This pressure is generated by pumping water through a heat exchanger and then through the ground coffee.

Pumps are generally cheaper and last longer than piston-driven machines. However, both types of machines may degrade due to overuse and inadequate cleaning. Pumps are also more complicated mechanically, which can increase the cost of even the simplest models.

Some espresso machines make use of steam pressure instead of a pump in order to brew espresso. The drawback of this is that the same boiler that produces steam also raises the temperature of the water to boiling and can result in excessive extraction. They also have to continuously rebuild their pressure between cups. This takes energy and time.

Many espresso machines use an rotary or a vibration pump. A vibration model employs an oscillating disk to create pressure, whereas the rotary model pushes hot water through the ground at a rapid speed. Both models can make excellent espresso, but Rotary machines are quieter and more durable than vibration pumps.

The Boiler

The boiler is the part that heats water to an optimal temperature to extract. The resulting steam is then transferred to the portafilter that contains the ground espresso coffee and is then pumped down into the cup. During this process the steam causes enough pressure to push the grounds of the coffee through. This results in a whipped-up top of the espresso. This is a sign of a great espresso.

There are three types of espresso makers, which differ in the type of pump they employ and how hot the coffee is. There are various ways to control the strength of the brew and the size of the cup that can be produced by the machine.

The earliest espresso machines were steam types. They used a single boiler to make both steam and brew, however, the pressure they could generate was low - only two bars of atmospheric pressure at most. This led to the coffee tasting burnt and bitter. The modern espresso machine was designed by the Milanese makers Luigi Bezzerra & Desiderio Pavoni.

The most well-known espresso machine small maker is a semi-automatic machine with an electric pump. These are the images people have when they think of an espresso machine. Semi-automatic machines require you to grind and tamp the beans by yourself, but the pump regulates the flow of water and pressure. This is an excellent compromise between human touch and the mechanised quality.

The Filter

commercial espresso machine machines typically have filters that separate the grounds of the coffee from hot water. The filter is also a vital component of the temperature control system since it helps prevent the machine from overheating.

A filter can also help with flavor, as it permits the beans to flower for a longer period of time. This helps the beans release their flavors and provides the chance for better extraction.

It is important to remember that even the best bean to cup espresso machine filter can produce a bad cup of coffee. The quality of the beans and the extraction, remain vital.

This is where the magic happens. It's what makes espresso taste good. The grouphead (also called the brewhead) is where you place the portafilter - the thingy that you put the grounds of coffee into when making espresso.

Steam-driven mini espresso maker machines make use of hot water that is heated inside an airtight container to make steam. The steam then pushes hot water through grounds of coffee under high pressure. These types of machines are typically cheaper and easier to maintain than pump-driven models. They are however limited for creating the ideal conditions for brewing, as they operate with 1-1.5 bar of pressure. The ideal shot requires 9-10 bars.

In recent years, espresso machines powered by a compressed air pump have become increasingly popular. They make use of an air compressor to force hot water through the ground, and are more mobile than electric steam-driven espresso machines.