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How Does Machine Espresso Work?

Machine espresso employs precise pressure and mind-blowing filter technology to create the coffee we love. How exactly does it work?

In order to make espresso, hot water is pushed under pressure through finely ground coffee. The process is similar to making drip coffee. However it is the pressure that makes the main difference.

The Head of the Group

The name implies the group head is the place you put your portafilter in when making espresso. It is responsible for dispersing the water into the portafilter and controlling the pressure of the extraction. There are numerous kinds of group heads each with its own advantages and drawbacks. Some are designed for temperature stability while others are designed to handle pre-infusion. Others are built to control the lever. Some include a combination like the E61. This is a very popular choice for baristas because it offers multiple advantages in one package.

As you can see in the image above The group head features several notches where you place your portafilter and then twist it manually to secure it. A gasket made of rubber is placed within the notches to create a seal while you insert your portafilter. The notches permit an exact placement of the portafilter. This is essential for an efficient extraction.

Apart from allowing you easily connect your portafilter, the group head is responsible for maintaining an even temperature. It does this by circulating hot water through the brew basket and around the portafilter to ensure that it's always at the correct temperature to extract. It is important to note that even a small deviation can make the difference between a decent and a excellent espresso.

The Pump

The motorized pumps used in rotary espresso machines provide the nine atmospheric bars of pressure required to extract espresso. This is different from manual piston machines that use a lever. This pressure is generated by pumping water through a heat-exchanger and then through the ground coffee.

Pumps are typically less expensive than piston-driven machines and tend to last longer, however both types of machines can get damaged through overuse and lack of cleaning. Pumps are also more complex mechanically, which could increase the price of even the most basic models.

Some espresso machines remove the pump entirely and employ steam pressure to create espresso. The drawback is that the boiler that produces steam also increases the temperature of water to boiling which can cause excessive extraction. In addition the machines often have to rebuild their pressure between cups, which requires time and energy.

Many espresso coffee makers machines utilize either a rotary or vibration pump, which is a vibration model using a rotating disc to generate the pressure, and a rotary model pushing hot water through the grounds under high speed. Both types of machine can produce an excellent espresso, however Rotary machines are quieter and more durable than vibration pumps.

The Boiler

The boiler is the element that heats the water to the optimal temperature for extraction. The steam that is produced reaches the portafilter that contains the ground espresso and gets funnelled down into the cup. During this process, the steam creates pressure and pushes through the coffee grounds. This produces a layer of crema on top. This is one of the hallmarks of a great espresso machine sale.

There are three types of espresso makers, and they differ in the type of pump they employ and the degree of heat that the coffee is. There are a variety of ways to control the brew and the size of cup that can be produced by the machine.

The first buy espresso machine machines were steam-type. They employed one boiler to create both steam and brew, but the pressure they could produce was not very high - two bars of atmospheric pressure at the most. This led to the coffee tasting bitter and burnt. This is the reason why Milanese makers Luigi Bezzerra and Desiderio Pavoni developed the modern espresso machine.

The most popular espresso machine is a semiautomatic that has an electric pump. When people think of espresso machines, they picture these machines. With a semi-automatic machine, you must grind the beans and then tamp them yourself but the pump provides regulated water flow and pressure. This is an excellent compromise between human control and mechanised accuracy.

The Filter

Espresso machines usually use filters that separate the grounds of coffee from hot water. The filter is also a vital part of the machine's temperature control, as it helps prevent overheating.

It also improves flavor, since a filter can allow for Machine espresso a longer bloom time. This helps the beans release their nuances and gives an opportunity for a better extraction.

It is important to remember that even the most efficient filter can make a bad cup of coffee. The quality of the beans and the extraction process remain vital.

It's here that the magic happens. This is what makes espresso taste so good. The grouphead, often referred to as the brewhead, is where the portafilter (the thingy you put the coffee grounds into) is located when you're making espresso.

In the steam-driven espresso machine hot water is heated in an airtight container to create steam, which then pushes the hot water through the grounds with high pressure. These types of machines tend to be less expensive and simpler to maintain than pump-driven models. They are however limited in their ability to create the perfect conditions for brewing as they only operate with 1-1.5 bar of pressure. The ideal shot requires 9-10 bars.

In recent years, espresso machines driven by compressed air-pump are becoming increasingly popular. They use an air compressor to push hot water into the grounds and are much more portable than electric steam-driven machines.