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What is Free Evolution?

Free evolution is the notion that the natural processes of organisms can lead to their development over time. This includes the appearance and growth of new species.

This has been proven by many examples of stickleback fish species that can thrive in fresh or saltwater and walking stick insect varieties that are apprehensive about specific host plants. These are mostly reversible traits can't, however, explain fundamental changes in body plans.

Evolution by Natural Selection

The development of the myriad of living organisms on Earth is a mystery that has intrigued scientists for centuries. Charles Darwin's natural selection theory is the most well-known explanation. This process occurs when individuals who are better-adapted are able to reproduce faster and longer than those who are less well-adapted. As time passes, the number of individuals who are well-adapted grows and eventually creates a new species.

Natural selection is an ongoing process and involves the interaction of three factors: variation, reproduction and inheritance. Sexual reproduction and mutations increase genetic diversity in the species. Inheritance refers the transmission of a person’s genetic traits, including both dominant and recessive genes and their offspring. Reproduction is the generation of fertile, viable offspring, which includes both sexual and asexual methods.

Natural selection is only possible when all the factors are in equilibrium. If, for instance the dominant gene allele causes an organism reproduce and survive more than the recessive gene The dominant allele becomes more prevalent in a group. If the allele confers a negative advantage to survival or decreases the fertility of the population, it will go away. The process is self-reinforcing meaning that an organism with an adaptive characteristic will live and reproduce much more than one with a maladaptive characteristic. The more offspring an organism produces the more fit it is, which is measured by its capacity to reproduce itself and live. People with good traits, like a longer neck in giraffes or bright white colors in male peacocks are more likely to survive and have offspring, and thus will become the majority of the population over time.

Natural selection is only a factor in populations and not on individuals. This is a major distinction from the Lamarckian theory of evolution, which states that animals acquire traits due to use or lack of use. For example, 에볼루션 블랙잭 if a animal's neck is lengthened by reaching out to catch prey its offspring will inherit a more long neck. The length difference between generations will persist until the giraffe's neck becomes so long that it can not breed with other giraffes.

Evolution by Genetic Drift

Genetic drift occurs when the alleles of a gene are randomly distributed in a population. Eventually, one of them will reach fixation (become so widespread that it is unable to be eliminated through natural selection), while other alleles will fall to lower frequency. In the extreme, this leads to dominance of a single allele. The other alleles have been essentially eliminated and heterozygosity has diminished to a minimum. In a small group this could result in the complete elimination of recessive alleles. Such a scenario would be called a bottleneck effect, 바카라 에볼루션 and it is typical of evolutionary process when a large amount of individuals move to form a new population.

A phenotypic bottleneck could occur when survivors of a catastrophe, such as an epidemic or a mass hunting event, are concentrated into a small area. The survivors will have an dominant allele, and will share the same phenotype. This may be caused by a war, an earthquake or even a disease. Regardless of the cause the genetically distinct population that is left might be prone to genetic drift.

Walsh Lewens, Walsh, and Ariew define drift as a deviation from the expected values due to differences in fitness. They give the famous example of twins who are genetically identical and share the same phenotype, but one is struck by lightning and dies, whereas the other continues to reproduce.

This kind of drift can play a significant role in the evolution of an organism. This isn't the only method for evolution. Natural selection is the primary alternative, where mutations and migration maintain the phenotypic diversity in the population.

Stephens asserts that there is a major difference between treating the phenomenon of drift as a force or as an underlying cause, and considering other causes of evolution, such as selection, mutation and migration as forces or causes. He claims that a causal process account of drift permits us to differentiate it from the other forces, and this distinction is essential. He also argues that drift has a direction, i.e., it tends to reduce heterozygosity. It also has a size, which is determined based on population size.

Evolution through Lamarckism

When high school students study biology, they are often introduced to the work of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744 - 1829). His theory of evolution, commonly referred to as "Lamarckism", states that simple organisms evolve into more complex organisms by adopting traits that result from an organism's use and disuse. Lamarckism can be demonstrated by the giraffe's neck being extended to reach higher leaves in the trees. This would cause giraffes to give their longer necks to their offspring, which then get taller.

Lamarck was a French Zoologist. In his inaugural lecture for his course on invertebrate zoology at the Museum of Natural History in Paris on the 17th of May in 1802, he introduced an original idea that fundamentally challenged previous thinking about organic transformation. According Lamarck, living organisms evolved from inanimate matter through a series of gradual steps. Lamarck was not the first to make this claim however he was widely regarded as the first to provide the subject a thorough and general treatment.

The most popular story is that Lamarckism was a rival to Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection and both theories battled out in the 19th century. Darwinism eventually triumphed, leading to the development of what biologists refer to as the Modern Synthesis. The theory argues the possibility that acquired traits can be acquired through inheritance and instead suggests that organisms evolve through the action of environmental factors, such as natural selection.

Lamarck and his contemporaries endorsed the notion that acquired characters could be passed down to the next generation. However, this concept was never a key element of any of their theories on evolution. This is partly due to the fact that it was never validated scientifically.

It's been more than 200 year since Lamarck's birth, and in the age genomics, there is a growing body of evidence that supports the heritability-acquired characteristics. This is sometimes referred to as "neo-Lamarckism" or, more commonly epigenetic inheritance. This is a model that is as valid as the popular Neodarwinian model.

Evolution by Adaptation

One of the most common misconceptions about evolution is that it is a result of a kind of struggle for survival. This notion is not true and ignores other forces driving evolution. The struggle for existence is better described as a fight to survive in a particular environment. This may be a challenge for 에볼루션 코리아 not just other living things, but also the physical environment itself.

Understanding adaptation is important to understand evolution. Adaptation is any feature that allows living organisms to live in its environment and reproduce. It could be a physical structure, such as feathers or fur. Or it can be a trait of behavior, like moving to the shade during hot weather or 바카라 에볼루션 escaping the cold at night.

The survival of an organism is dependent on its ability to obtain energy from the environment and 바카라 에볼루션 to interact with other living organisms and their physical surroundings. The organism must possess the right genes to create offspring, and it must be able to locate enough food and other resources. The organism must be able to reproduce at a rate that is optimal for its niche.

These elements, in conjunction with gene flow and mutation can result in an alteration in the percentage of alleles (different varieties of a particular gene) in a population's gene pool. This change in allele frequency can lead to the emergence of new traits and eventually new species over time.

Many of the features we find appealing in plants and animals are adaptations. For example the lungs or 에볼루션 바카라 무료체험 gills which extract oxygen from air feathers and fur for insulation and long legs to get away from predators and camouflage to conceal. However, a thorough understanding of adaptation requires a keen eye to the distinction between the physiological and behavioral characteristics.

Physiological adaptations, such as thick fur or gills, are physical traits, whereas behavioral adaptations, such as the tendency to search for companions or to move to shade in hot weather, are not. Additionally it is important to note that a lack of forethought does not make something an adaptation. In fact, a failure to think about the consequences of a behavior can make it ineffective despite the fact that it appears to be reasonable or even essential.