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What is Free Evolution?

Free evolution is the notion that natural processes can lead to the development of organisms over time. This includes the appearance and development of new species.

This has been demonstrated by numerous examples of stickleback fish species that can live in fresh or 에볼루션 룰렛 saltwater and walking stick insect varieties that prefer specific host plants. These are mostly reversible traits, however, cannot explain fundamental changes in body plans.

Evolution through Natural Selection

The development of the myriad living organisms on Earth is an enigma that has intrigued scientists for decades. Charles Darwin's natural selection is the best-established explanation. This is because individuals who are better-adapted have more success in reproduction and survival than those who are less well-adapted. As time passes, the number of well-adapted individuals grows and eventually creates an entirely new species.

Natural selection is a process that is cyclical and involves the interaction of three factors: variation, reproduction and inheritance. Variation is caused by mutations and sexual reproduction, both of which increase the genetic diversity within the species. Inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic traits, including recessive and dominant genes, to their offspring. Reproduction is the process of producing fertile, viable offspring. This can be done via sexual or asexual methods.

Natural selection is only possible when all of these factors are in balance. For instance the case where a dominant allele at a gene can cause an organism to live and reproduce more frequently than the recessive allele the dominant allele will be more prevalent in the population. If the allele confers a negative survival advantage or lowers the fertility of the population, it will be eliminated. The process is self-reinforced, meaning that a species with a beneficial trait is more likely to survive and reproduce than an individual with an inadaptive trait. The higher the level of fitness an organism has which is measured by its ability to reproduce and survive, is the greater number of offspring it can produce. Individuals with favorable traits, like having a long neck in Giraffes, or the bright white color patterns on male peacocks are more likely than others to live and reproduce, which will eventually lead to them becoming the majority.

Natural selection only acts on populations, not on individuals. This is a significant distinction from the Lamarckian evolution theory, which states that animals acquire traits through usage or inaction. If a giraffe stretches its neck to catch prey and the neck grows larger, then its offspring will inherit this trait. The difference in neck length between generations will continue until the giraffe's neck becomes too long that it can no longer breed with other giraffes.

Evolution through Genetic Drift

In genetic drift, alleles at a gene may attain different frequencies in a population due to random events. Eventually, one of them will attain fixation (become so widespread that it cannot be eliminated through natural selection), while other alleles fall to lower frequency. In the extreme it can lead to dominance of a single allele. The other alleles are eliminated, and heterozygosity is reduced to zero. In a small number of people this could result in the complete elimination of recessive alleles. This scenario is called the bottleneck effect and is typical of the evolutionary process that occurs when the number of individuals migrate to form a group.

A phenotypic bottleneck can also occur when the survivors of a disaster like an outbreak or mass hunting event are confined to the same area. The surviving individuals will be mostly homozygous for the dominant allele which means that they will all share the same phenotype and thus have the same fitness traits. This situation might be the result of a war, an earthquake, or even a plague. Whatever the reason, the genetically distinct population that remains is prone to genetic drift.

Walsh Lewens, Walsh and Ariew define drift as a deviation from the expected values due to differences in fitness. They provide a well-known example of twins that are genetically identical, share identical phenotypes but one is struck by lightning and dies, while the other lives and reproduces.

This kind of drift can play a crucial role in the evolution of an organism. But, it's not the only way to evolve. The main alternative is a process called natural selection, where the phenotypic diversity of a population is maintained by mutation and 에볼루션 무료체험 사이트 (http://jetboats.ru/bitrix/rk.Php?goto=https://evolutionkr.kr/) migration.

Stephens claims that there is a big distinction between treating drift as a force or an underlying cause, and treating other causes of evolution like mutation, selection and 에볼루션코리아 migration as causes or causes. He argues that a causal-process model of drift allows us to distinguish it from other forces, and this distinction is essential. He further argues that drift has both an orientation, i.e., it tends towards eliminating heterozygosity. It also has a size, which is determined by the size of the population.

Evolution through Lamarckism

When students in high school take biology classes, they are frequently introduced to the work of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744 - 1829). His theory of evolution, also called "Lamarckism which means that simple organisms evolve into more complex organisms through taking on traits that are a product of the organism's use and misuse. Lamarckism is illustrated through the giraffe's neck being extended to reach higher levels of leaves in the trees. This causes giraffes' longer necks to be passed onto their offspring who would then become taller.

Lamarck was a French zoologist and, in his opening lecture for his course on invertebrate zoology at the Museum of Natural History in Paris on the 17th of May in 1802, he introduced an original idea that fundamentally challenged the conventional wisdom about organic transformation. According to him living things had evolved from inanimate matter via an escalating series of steps. Lamarck was not the first to suggest that this might be the case but the general consensus is that he was the one giving the subject its first broad and thorough treatment.

The most popular story is that Lamarckism was an opponent to Charles Darwin's theory of evolutionary natural selection, and that the two theories battled it out in the 19th century. Darwinism ultimately prevailed, leading to what biologists refer to as the Modern Synthesis. The theory argues that acquired traits are passed down from generation to generation and instead argues that organisms evolve through the influence of environment factors, such as Natural Selection.

While Lamarck believed in the concept of inheritance through acquired characters, and his contemporaries also offered a few words about this idea but it was not a major feature in any of their evolutionary theories. This is partly due to the fact that it was never validated scientifically.

But it is now more than 200 years since Lamarck was born and, in the age of genomics there is a vast amount of evidence that supports the heritability of acquired characteristics. This is often referred to as "neo-Lamarckism" or more frequently epigenetic inheritance. This is a version that is as valid as the popular Neodarwinian model.

Evolution by the process of adaptation

One of the most commonly-held misconceptions about evolution is being driven by a fight for survival. This notion is not true and overlooks other forces that drive evolution. The fight for survival can be better described as a fight to survive in a certain environment. This may include not just other organisms as well as the physical surroundings themselves.

Understanding the concept of adaptation is crucial to understand evolution. The term "adaptation" refers to any characteristic that allows living organisms to survive in its environment and reproduce. It could be a physical structure like fur or feathers. Or it can be a trait of behavior that allows you to move to the shade during the heat, or coming out to avoid the cold at night.

The capacity of an organism to extract energy from its surroundings and interact with other organisms as well as their physical environment is essential to its survival. The organism must have the right genes to produce offspring, and it should be able to find enough food and other resources. Moreover, the organism must be able to reproduce itself in a way that is optimally within its environmental niche.

These elements, along with mutations and gene flow can cause a shift in the proportion of different alleles within a population’s gene pool. Over time, this change in allele frequencies could result in the development of new traits and ultimately new species.

Many of the features we admire in plants and animals are adaptations. For instance lung or gills that extract oxygen from air feathers and fur for insulation, long legs to run away from predators, and camouflage to hide. To comprehend adaptation it is crucial to differentiate between physiological and behavioral characteristics.

Physiological adaptations, such as thick fur or gills, are physical traits, while behavioral adaptations, such as the desire to find companions or to retreat into the shade in hot weather, aren't. It is important to remember that a lack of planning does not result in an adaptation. Inability to think about the implications of a choice even if it seems to be rational, may make it unadaptive.