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Shortly after this, the celebrated EDMOND HOYLE, the father of the sport, printed his "Short Treatise: (1742-3). About Hoyle’s antecedents, but little is understood. The value of the "Short Treatise," and its rapid success, triggered surreptitious copies to be circulated. The derivation of the word ruff or ruffe has precipitated a lot speculation, and has by no means been satisfactorily settled. Ruffe seems to have been used as a synonym for trump early in the seventeenth century, as appears from the extract from Cotgrave’s "Dictionary." Nares, in his "Glossary," says - "Ruff meant a trump card, charta dominatrix;" even at the present day, many Whist gamers converse of ruffing, i.e. trumping; and, in the expression a cross-ruff, the phrase ruff is preserved to the exclusion of the phrase trump. "At Ruff and Honors, by some called Slamm, you've got in the Pack all the Deuces, and the reason being, as a result of 4 playing having dealt twelve a-piece, there are 4 left for the stock, the uppermost whereof is turn’d up, and that is Trumps, he that hath the Ace of that Ruffs: that is, he takes in these four Cards, and lays out 4 others in their lieu; the four Honors are the Ace, King, Queen, and knave; he that hath three Honors in his personal hand, his associate not having the fourth, sets up Eight by Cards, that is 2 tricks; if he hath all 4, then Sixteen, that is 4 tips; it's all one if two Partners make them three or 4 between them, as if one had them.

But about 1728, this recreation rose out of its comparative obscurity. Early in the century the points of the game rose from 9 to 10 ("nine in all." Cotton, 1709; "ten in all," Cotton, 1721; "nine in all," Cotton, 1725; "ten in all," Seymour, 1734, "rectified according to the present standard of play"). In 1674, Charles Cotton, the poet, printed a description of ruff-and-honors in "The Compleat Gamester: or Instructions methods to play at Billiards, Trucks, Bowls, and Chess. Barrington says that Whist isn't named in the first edition of "The Compleat Gamester," but this is an error. The introduction of the name whist whisk would seem to have taken place early within the seventeenth century. After the swabbers have been dropped (and it is probable that they were not usually use in the eighteenth century), our national card recreation grew to become identified simply as Whist, although nonetheless often spelt whisk. It seems possible that Holy initially drew up some notes for using the pupils to whom he gave classes in Whist, as his authentic version speaks of "purchasers of the Treatise in Manuscript disposed of the final winter," and in addition that there was "a Treatise on the sport at Whist recently dispersed amongst a few Hands at a Guinea Price," and additional, that the writer of it "has fram’d an Artificial Memory which takes not off your Attention out of your Game; and, if required, he is prepared to communicate it upon Payment of 1 Guinea.

Hoyle was engaged in writing on games, and in giving lessons playing from time to time a sober game at Whist. In Captain Francis Grose’s "Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue" (1785), swabbers are mentioned to be "The ace of hearts, knave of clubs, ace and deuce of trumps at Whist." The Hon. Daines Barrington (writing in 1787), says, that initially of the century, whisk was "played with what have been known as swabbers, which had been probably so termed, as a result of they who had certain cards in their hand were entitled to take up a share of the stake, impartial of the overall occasion of the sport." This was in all probability the true office of the swabbers. It seems probably that, simultaneously with this variation, or closely following it, the apply of taking part in with the entire pack instead 53 of with but forty-eight playing cards obtained. If both side are at Eight Groats he hath the advantage of calling Can-ye, if he hath two Honors in his hand, and if the opposite answers one, the game is up, which is 9 in all, but when he hath more than two he reveals them, and then it is all forty eight one and the same factor; but when he forgets to name after enjoying a trick, he loseth the benefit of Can-ye for that deal.

A party of gentlemen (in keeping with Daines Barrington), of whom the first Lord Folkestone was one, used at this date to frequent the Crown Coffeehouse, in Bedford Row, where they studied Whist scientifically. Dr. Johnson does not positively derive Whist from the interjectio silentium imperans; he cautiously explains Whist to be "a game at playing cards, requiring shut attention and silence." Nares, in his Glossary, has "Whist, an interjection commanding silence;" and he adds, "That the name of the game of Whist is derived from this, is understood, I presume, to all who play or don't play." He, however, in his preface, nicely remarks that he is aware of "the extreme fallaciousness of the science of etymology when based on mere similarity of sound;" however within the case of Whist, he has allowed similarity of sound to grasp his judgment. It appears that a clergyman was really useful to the Archbishop for preferment, when His Grace mentioned, "he had heard that the clergyman used to play at Whist and swobbers; that as to fifty one playing every now and then a sober sport at Whist, it is perhaps pardoned; but he couldn't digest these wicked swobbers." Johnson defines swobbers as ‘four privileged cards used incidentally in betting at Whist." It has been conjectured by later writers that swabbers were equivalent with the honors; however that is an error.

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