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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

If you're a lover of coffee you're likely to know that different types of beans have distinct flavor profiles. Find out about four of the most well-known varieties: Arabica. Robusta. Liberica. and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans, which are a variety of Liberica is grown exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a fruitier and more tart flavor profile and are often added to blends of coffee to enhance the flavor.

Arabica

Arabica coffee beans make up 75% of the global production. Arabica beans are milder and sweeter than Robusta, and they come in different flavour profiles. The aroma and taste of coffee are influenced by the conditions under which it is grown as well as the processing methods employed.

The word "coffee" comes from the Arabic word for berry, and coffee beans are fruit seeds which grow inside bright red berries. It is believed that the ancient Ethiopian shepherds realized that their goats became energy-rich after eating these fruits, and the cultivation of coffee soon was a global phenomenon.

Coffee beans can be grown at high altitudes and thrive in cold temperatures and lots of rain. This is one of the reasons why Arabica is regarded as the most delicious coffee.

Many specialty coffee beans coffee roasters and shops concentrate on sourcing their arabica beans ethically and focusing on fair pay for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies blend arabica beans to create unique coffees that can be used in many different brewing techniques. Blending allows for control over the flavour, aroma and body of the coffee and is frequently preferred to achieve an even and consistent taste that appeals to a wider market.

Robusta

Robusta beans are the second most coveted type of coffee bean in the world. They contain more caffeine per bean and are more resistant against diseases and pests. They also contain more chlorogenic acids, which are naturally occurring antioxidants. These acids can cause oxidation in the brewing process of coffee and create undesirable flavors.

The plant itself is more robust than arabica, and can thrive in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It can withstand temperatures that are higher and thrives in direct sunlight. It produces more coffee per plant and grows more quickly than arabica. This makes it a more economical crop to cultivate.

Although it might seem odd, Robusta beans are often blended with arabica to make coffee blends. If you notice the names of countries such as Uganda or Kenya on a coffee bag, it's likely that there's a bit of robusta too.

Although some roasters only use arabica beans, the majority use mix the two varieties to cut costs and maintain the quality. To ensure the integrity of the flavor, you should choose a high quality bean from a trusted source. This can be accomplished by purchasing your beans direct from a farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football shaped that makes them different from other unroasted coffee beans bean types. They have an aroma that is fruity, floral and smoky. They are often paired with other coffee bean varieties to provide a more intense, fuller flavor.

Liberica coffee beans are found in West Africa, Malaysia (Borneo) and Southeast Asia. They are tolerant of hot, humid conditions and can be grown at low altitudes. They also have a much more resistant to diseases than Arabica and Robusta.

These qualities make them perfect to grow at home. You can find the seeds online from a number of sources, however it is best to purchase them locally-owned producers to ensure the quality of the beans. The best growing conditions for Liberica coffee plants are fertile deep volcanic soils, with moderately acidic pH and sufficient annual rainfall.

Excelsa is another type of coffee bean. It was originally classified as a distinct species, but it has since been classified as a Liberica variant. These coffee beans with an oval shape are found on large coffee beans types plants, which can grow to 20 to 30 feet in height at moderate altitudes. They have a distinct taste that is both fruity and tart, which makes them a popular option in blends made by home. They are also less heavy on flavor and caffeine than Arabica and Robusta and Robusta, yet they have an unusual richness of flavor.

Excelsa

Excelsa coffee beans aren't as popular as Arabica and Robusta, despite being the fourth most popular. In fact they were considered to be a distinct coffee plant species until 2006 when they were reclassified as a synonym for Coffea liberica var. dewevrei. They are grown in Southeast Asia today and account for 7 percent of the world's production of coffee. The coffee beans are shaped like teardrops and are dark and mysterious in taste. These beans are often used to give blends more body and a rich tart taste of ripened fruits.

Arabica beans are by far the most sought-after and are known for their sweeter taste. They thrive in tropical, warm climates and high altitudes. They also have a hint of acidity. If they are brewed correctly and roast properly, they can have notes like nuts, chocolate or even fruit.

Robusta is an almost identical choice to Arabica and makes up about 40% of the world's coffee. Robusta beans are smaller and rounder however they have twice as much caffeine as Arabica. They also have more bitterness than the other two varieties, and tend to have woody and earthy undertones.

After having a better understanding of the four most popular types you can now choose your favorite brew. If you're looking for a silky soft, delicate flavor, go for an arabica or a blend of robusta and arabica beans.